MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) testing quantifies how well a lens or camera system reproduces contrast at different spatial frequencies. Higher MTF values indicate sharper images with better detail rendering. For machine vision and automotive ADAS applications, MTF directly correlates to the system's ability to resolve small features, read barcodes, or detect objects at distance. We measure MTF per ISO 12233 using the slanted-edge method, providing data at multiple field positions from center to corner.

MTF testing typically refers to lens-only measurements using specialized optical equipment like our Trioptics HR2—the lens is tested in isolation without a sensor. eSFR (edge Spatial Frequency Response) testing per ISO 12233:2017 measures the complete camera system including lens, sensor, and image processing. Both produce MTF-equivalent data, but eSFR captures real-world system performance including sensor sampling effects, ISP sharpening, and noise reduction impacts on resolution.

We measure color accuracy using X-Rite ColorChecker charts and calculate Delta E (ΔE) using the CIEDE2000 formula in CIE Lab color space. A ΔE of 1.0 is considered imperceptible to most observers, while ΔE < 3.0 is typically acceptable for consumer applications. For machine vision color sorting or medical imaging, tighter tolerances (ΔE < 1.5) may be required. We test under multiple illuminants (D65, A, TL84) to characterize AWB performance across lighting conditions.

Stray light results from unwanted reflections between lens surfaces, reflections off the sensor back through the lens, and scattering from optical coatings or barrel surfaces. Ghost images specifically occur when bright light sources create secondary reflections that form focused or semi-focused images on the sensor. For automotive cameras, this is critical because sun angles throughout the day can create ghosts that obscure pedestrians or road signs. We characterize both veiling glare (contrast loss) and discrete ghost positions per ISO 9358.

Yes—for surveillance, driver monitoring, and night vision applications, we provide complete image quality characterization at 850nm and 940nm wavelengths. This includes MTF/resolution testing, dynamic range measurement, and sensitivity evaluation under NIR illumination. Many cameras optimized for visible light perform differently at NIR due to lens chromatic focus shift and sensor spectral response variations. NIR testing is essential for systems that must operate in both day and night conditions.

Sample quantities depend on your test plan and statistical requirements. For development testing, 3–5 samples per test condition is typical. For qualification to automotive or military standards, sample sizes may be specified in the standard (often 10–22 samples). We can advise on sample planning during the requirements review phase. Keep in mind that image quality testing is generally non-destructive, so samples can be returned after testing for further use.